HTML Phrase Tags

Emphasized Text – The <em> Element:

The content of an <em> element is intended to be a point of emphasis in your document, and it is usually displayed in italicized text. The kind of emphasis intended is on words such as  “must” in the following sentence:

<p>You <em>must</em> remember to close elements in XHTML.</p>

Strong Text – The <strong> Element:

The <strong> element is intended to show strong emphasis for its content; stronger emphasis than the <em> element. As with the <em>element, the <strong> element should be used only when you want to add strong emphasis to part of a document.

<p>You <strong>must</strong> remember to close elements in XHTML.</p>

Text Abbreviation – The <abbr> Element:

You can indicate when you are using an abbreviated form by placing the abbreviation between opening <abbr> and closing </abbr> tags.

<p>I have a friend called <abbr title = “Abhishek”>Abhy</abbr>.</p>

This will produce following result:

I have a friend called Abhy.

Using Acronym – The <acronym> Element:

The <acronym> element allows you to indicate that the text between an opening <acronym> and closing </acronym> element is an acronym.

When possible use a title attribute whose value is the full version of the acronyms on the <acronym> element, and if the acronym is in a different language, include an xml:lang attribute in XHTML documents.

<p>This chapter covers marking up text in <acronym title = “Extensible Hypertext Markup Language”>XHTML</acronym>

Special Terms – The <dfn> Element:

The <dfn> Element allows you to specify that you are introducing a special term. Its use is similar to the words that are in italics in the midst of paragraphs in this book when new key concepts are introduced.

Typically, you would use the <dfn> element the first time you introduce a key term and only in that instance. Most recent browser render the content of a <dfn> element in an italic font.

<p>This tutorial teaches you how mark up your documents for the web using <dfn> XHTML</dfn>.</p>

Quoting Text – The <blockquote> Element:

When  you want to quote a passage from another source, you should use the <blockquote> element.

Text inside a <blockquote>element is usually indented from the left and right edges of the surrounding text, and sometimes uses an italicized font.

<p>The following description of XHTML is taken from the website :</p>

<blockquote> XHTML 1.0 is the  first Recommendation for XHTML, following on from earlier work on HTML 4.01, HTML 4.0, HTML 3.2, and HTML 2.0 </blockquote>

Short Quotation – The <q> Element:

The <q> element is intended to be  used when you want to add a quote within a sentence rather than as an indented block on its own.

<p>Amit is in Spain, <q> He is their at my home. I think I am wrong</q>.</p>

Citations – The <cite>Element:

 If you are quotation a text, you can indicate the source placing it between an opening <cite> tag and closing </cite> tag. As you would expect in a print publication, the content of the <cite> element is rendered in italicized text by default.

<p>This HTML Tutorial is derived from <cite> World Wide Web Standard for HTML </cite>.</p>

Computer Code – The <code> Element:

Any code to appear on a Web Page should be placed inside a <code> element. Usually the content of the <code> element is presented in a monospaced font, just like the code in most programming books.

Keyboard Text – The <kbd> Element:

When you are talking about computers, if you want to tell a reader to enter some text, you can use the <kbd> element to indicate.

The content of a <kbd>  element is usally represented in a monspaced font rather like the content of the <code> element.

<h1> <kbd> This is inside kbd element</kbd></h1>

Programming variables – The <var> Element:

This element is usually in conjunction with the <pre> and <code> elements to indicate that the content of that element is a variable that can be supplied by a user.

<p><code> document.write(“<var>user-name</var>”)</code></p>

This will produce following result:

document.write (“user-name”)

Program Output – The <samp> Element:

The  <samp> element indicates sample output from  a program, script, or like. Again, it is mainly used when documenting programming concepts.

For example:

<p>Result produced by the program is <ssamp> Hello World</samp></p>

This will produce following result:

Result produced by the program is Hello World

Addresses – The <address>Element:

The <address> element is used to contain any address. For example:

<address>304, Menna Colony, Hyderabad – INDIA, 500032 </address>

This will produce following result:

304, Menna Colony, Hyderabad – INDIA, 500032

Block and Inline Elements:

We can categories all the elements into two sections:

·         block-level elements – block-level elements appear on the screen  as if they have a carriage return or line break before and after them. For example the <p>, <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, <h6>, <ul>, <ol>, <dl>, <pre>, <hr />, <blockquote>, and anything that follows them appears on its own new line.

·         Inline elements – Inline elements, on the other hand, can appear within sentences and do not have to appear on a new line of their own. The <b>, <i>, <u>, <em>, <strong>, <sup>, <sub>, <big>, <small>,  <li>,  <ins>, <del>, <code>, <cite>, <dfn>, <kbd>, and <var> elements are all inline elements.