Attributes are another important part of HTML markup. An attribute is
used to define the characteristics of an element and is placed inside the
element’s opening tag. All attributes are made up of two parts: a name and a
value:
·
The name
is the property you want to set. For example, the <font> element in the
example carries an attribute whose name is face, which typeface you want the
text to appear in.
·
The value
is what you want the value of the property to be. The first example was
supposed to use the Arial typeface, so the value of the face attribute is
Arial.
The value of the attribute should be put in double quotation marks, and
is separated from the name by the equals sign. You can see that a color for the
text has been specified as well as the typeface in this <font>element:
<font
face=”arial” color=”#CC0000”>
Core
Attributes:
The four core attributes that can be used on the majority of HTML
elements are:
·
Id
·
Title
·
Class
·
Style
The
id Attribute:
The id attribute can be used to uniquely identify any element within a
page (or style sheet).
There are two primary reasons that you might want to use an id
attribute on an element:
·
If an element carries an id attribute as a
unique identifier it is possible to identify just that element and its content.
·
If you have two elements of the same name within
a Web page(or style sheet), you can use the id attribute to distinguish between
elements that have the same name.
<p
id=”html”>This para explains what is HTML</p>
<p
id=”css”>This para explains what is Cascading Style</p>
Note that there are some special rules for the value of the id
attribute, it must:
·
Begin with a letter (A,Z or a,z) and can then be
followed by any number of letters, digits(0,9), hyphens, underscores, colons
and periods.
· Remain
unique within that document; no two attributes may have the same value within
that HTML document.
The
title Attribute:
The title attribute gives a suggested title for the element.
The behaviour of this attribute will depend upon the element that
carries it, although it is often displayed as a tooltip or while the element is
loading.
<h4
title=”Hello HTML!”>Titled Heading Tag Example</h4>
The
class Attribute:
The class attribute is used to associate an element with a style sheet
and specifies the class of element. The value of the attribute may also be a
space-separated list of class names. For example:
Class=”className1
className2 className3”
The
style Attribute:
The Style attribute allows you to specify CSS rules within the element. For example:
<p
style=”font-family:arial; color:#FF0000;”>Some text…</p>
Internationalization
Attributes:
There are three internationalization attributes, which are available to
most XHTML elements.
·
dir
·
lang
·
xml:lang
The
dir Attribute:
The dir attribute allows you to indicate to the browser the direction
in which the text should flow. The dir attribute can take one of two values, as
you can see in the table that follows:
|
Value
|
Meaning
|
|
Itr
|
Left to right(the default value)
|
|
Rtl
|
Right to left(for languages such as Hebrew or Arabic that are read
right or left)
|
Example:
<html
dir=rtl>
<head>
<title>Display
Directions</title>
</head>
<body>
This
is how IE 5 renders right-to-left directed text.
</body>
</html>
When dir attribute is used within the <html> tag, it determines
how text will be presented within the
entire document. When used within another tag, it controls the text’s direction
for just the content of that tag.
The
lang Attribute:
The lang attribute allows you to indicate the main language used in a
document, but this attribute was kept in HTML only for backwards compatibility
with earlier versions of HTML. This attribute has been replaced by the xml:lang
attribute in new XHTML documents.
When included within the <html> tag, the lang attribute specifies
the language you’ve generally used within the document. When used within other
tags, the lang attribute specifies the language you used within that tag’s
content.
Example:
<html
lang=en>
<head>
<title>English
Language Page</title>
</head>
<body>
This
page is using English Language
</body>
</html>
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